Working with windows and tabs

Janelas e guias

Pegue o idenficador da janela

O WebDriver não faz distinção entre janelas e guias. E se seu site abre uma nova guia ou janela, o Selenium permitirá que você trabalhe usando um identificador. Cada janela tem um identificador único que permanece persistente em uma única sessão. Você pode pegar o identificador atual usando:

15
21
Show full example
package dev.selenium.interactions;

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.time.Duration;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

public class WindowsTest {

    @Test
    public void windowsExampleCode() {
        
    	WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
        // Navigate to Url
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/window_switching_tests/page_with_frame.html");
        //fetch handle of this
        String currHandle=driver.getWindowHandle();
        assertNotNull(currHandle);
        
        //click on link to open a new window
        driver.findElement(By.linkText("Open new window")).click();
        //fetch handles of all windows, there will be two, [0]- default, [1] - new window
        Object[] windowHandles=driver.getWindowHandles().toArray();
        driver.switchTo().window((String) windowHandles[1]);
        //assert on title of new window
        String title=driver.getTitle();
        assertEquals("Simple Page",title);
        
        //closing current window
        driver.close();
        //Switch back to the old tab or window
        driver.switchTo().window((String) windowHandles[0]);
        
        //Opens a new tab and switches to new tab
        driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB);
        assertEquals("",driver.getTitle());
        
        //Opens a new window and switches to new window
        driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);
        assertEquals("",driver.getTitle());
             
        //quitting driver
        driver.quit(); //close all windows
	   
   	}
}
View full example on GitHub
driver.current_window_handle
16
  22
Show full example
using System;
  using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
  using OpenQA.Selenium;
  using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
  using System.Collections.Generic;
  namespace SeleniumDocs.Interactions
  {
      [TestClass]
      public class WindowsTest
      {
          [TestMethod]
          public void TestWindowCommands()
          {
              WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
              driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);
  
              // Navigate to Url
              driver.Url="https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/window_switching_tests/page_with_frame.html";
              //fetch handle of this
              String currHandle = driver.CurrentWindowHandle;
              Assert.IsNotNull(currHandle);
  
              //click on link to open a new window
              driver.FindElement(By.LinkText("Open new window")).Click();
              //fetch handles of all windows, there will be two, [0]- default, [1] - new window
              IList<string> windowHandles = new List<string>(driver.WindowHandles);
              driver.SwitchTo().Window(windowHandles[1]);
              //assert on title of new window
              String title = driver.Title;
              Assert.AreEqual("Simple Page", title);
  
              //closing current window
              driver.Close();
              //Switch back to the old tab or window
              driver.SwitchTo().Window(windowHandles[0]);
  
              //Opens a new tab and switches to new tab
              driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab);
              Assert.AreEqual("", driver.Title);
  
              //Opens a new window and switches to new window
              driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window);
              Assert.AreEqual("", driver.Title);
  
              //quitting driver
              driver.Quit(); //close all windows
          }
      }
  }
View full example on GitHub
driver.window_handle
await driver.getWindowHandle();
driver.windowHandle

Alternando janelas ou guias

Clicar em um link que abre em uma nova janela focará a nova janela ou guia na tela, mas o WebDriver não saberá qual janela que o sistema operacional considera ativa. Para trabalhar com a nova janela você precisará mudar para ela. Se você tiver apenas duas guias ou janelas abertas, e você sabe com qual janela você iniciou, pelo processo de eliminação você pode percorrer as janelas ou guias que o WebDriver pode ver e alternar para aquela que não é o original.

No entanto, o Selenium 4 fornece uma nova API NewWindow que cria uma nova guia (ou) nova janela e muda automaticamente para ela.

21
30
Show full example
package dev.selenium.interactions;

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.time.Duration;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

public class WindowsTest {

    @Test
    public void windowsExampleCode() {
        
    	WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
        // Navigate to Url
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/window_switching_tests/page_with_frame.html");
        //fetch handle of this
        String currHandle=driver.getWindowHandle();
        assertNotNull(currHandle);
        
        //click on link to open a new window
        driver.findElement(By.linkText("Open new window")).click();
        //fetch handles of all windows, there will be two, [0]- default, [1] - new window
        Object[] windowHandles=driver.getWindowHandles().toArray();
        driver.switchTo().window((String) windowHandles[1]);
        //assert on title of new window
        String title=driver.getTitle();
        assertEquals("Simple Page",title);
        
        //closing current window
        driver.close();
        //Switch back to the old tab or window
        driver.switchTo().window((String) windowHandles[0]);
        
        //Opens a new tab and switches to new tab
        driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB);
        assertEquals("",driver.getTitle());
        
        //Opens a new window and switches to new window
        driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);
        assertEquals("",driver.getTitle());
             
        //quitting driver
        driver.quit(); //close all windows
	   
   	}
}
View full example on GitHub
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

    # Start the driver
with webdriver.Firefox() as driver:
    # Open URL
    driver.get("https://seleniumhq.github.io")

    # Setup wait for later
    wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)

    # Store the ID of the original window
    original_window = driver.current_window_handle

    # Check we don't have other windows open already
    assert len(driver.window_handles) == 1

    # Click the link which opens in a new window
    driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "new window").click()

    # Wait for the new window or tab
    wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2))

    # Loop through until we find a new window handle
    for window_handle in driver.window_handles:
        if window_handle != original_window:
            driver.switch_to.window(window_handle)
            break

    # Wait for the new tab to finish loading content
    wait.until(EC.title_is("SeleniumHQ Browser Automation"))
  
22
  31
Show full example
using System;
  using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
  using OpenQA.Selenium;
  using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
  using System.Collections.Generic;
  namespace SeleniumDocs.Interactions
  {
      [TestClass]
      public class WindowsTest
      {
          [TestMethod]
          public void TestWindowCommands()
          {
              WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
              driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);
  
              // Navigate to Url
              driver.Url="https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/window_switching_tests/page_with_frame.html";
              //fetch handle of this
              String currHandle = driver.CurrentWindowHandle;
              Assert.IsNotNull(currHandle);
  
              //click on link to open a new window
              driver.FindElement(By.LinkText("Open new window")).Click();
              //fetch handles of all windows, there will be two, [0]- default, [1] - new window
              IList<string> windowHandles = new List<string>(driver.WindowHandles);
              driver.SwitchTo().Window(windowHandles[1]);
              //assert on title of new window
              String title = driver.Title;
              Assert.AreEqual("Simple Page", title);
  
              //closing current window
              driver.Close();
              //Switch back to the old tab or window
              driver.SwitchTo().Window(windowHandles[0]);
  
              //Opens a new tab and switches to new tab
              driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab);
              Assert.AreEqual("", driver.Title);
  
              //Opens a new window and switches to new window
              driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window);
              Assert.AreEqual("", driver.Title);
  
              //quitting driver
              driver.Quit(); //close all windows
          }
      }
  }
View full example on GitHub
    #Store the ID of the original window
original_window = driver.window_handle

    #Check we don't have other windows open already
assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, 'Expected one window')

    #Click the link which opens in a new window
driver.find_element(link: 'new window').click

    #Wait for the new window or tab
wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 }

    #Loop through until we find a new window handle
driver.window_handles.each do |handle|
    if handle != original_window
        driver.switch_to.window handle
        break
    end
end

    #Wait for the new tab to finish loading content
wait.until { driver.title == 'Selenium documentation'}
  
//Store the ID of the original window
const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle();

//Check we don't have other windows open already
assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1);

//Click the link which opens in a new window
await driver.findElement(By.linkText('new window')).click();

//Wait for the new window or tab
await driver.wait(
    async () => (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2,
    10000
  );

//Loop through until we find a new window handle
const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles();
windows.forEach(async handle => {
  if (handle !== originalWindow) {
    await driver.switchTo().window(handle);
  }
});

//Wait for the new tab to finish loading content
await driver.wait(until.titleIs('Selenium documentation'), 10000);
  

//Store the ID of the original window
val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle()

//Check we don't have other windows open already
assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1)

//Click the link which opens in a new window
driver.findElement(By.linkText("new window")).click()

//Wait for the new window or tab
wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2))

//Loop through until we find a new window handle
for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) {
    if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) {
        driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle)
        break
    }
}

//Wait for the new tab to finish loading content
wait.until(titleIs("Selenium documentation"))

Fechando uma janela ou guia

Quando você fechar uma janela ou guia e que não é a última janela ou guia aberta em seu navegador, você deve fechá-la e alternar de volta para a janela que você estava usando anteriormente. Supondo que você seguiu a amostra de código na seção anterior, você terá o identificador da janela anterior armazenado em uma variável. Junte isso e você obterá:

30
35
Show full example
package dev.selenium.interactions;

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.time.Duration;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

public class WindowsTest {

    @Test
    public void windowsExampleCode() {
        
    	WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
        // Navigate to Url
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/window_switching_tests/page_with_frame.html");
        //fetch handle of this
        String currHandle=driver.getWindowHandle();
        assertNotNull(currHandle);
        
        //click on link to open a new window
        driver.findElement(By.linkText("Open new window")).click();
        //fetch handles of all windows, there will be two, [0]- default, [1] - new window
        Object[] windowHandles=driver.getWindowHandles().toArray();
        driver.switchTo().window((String) windowHandles[1]);
        //assert on title of new window
        String title=driver.getTitle();
        assertEquals("Simple Page",title);
        
        //closing current window
        driver.close();
        //Switch back to the old tab or window
        driver.switchTo().window((String) windowHandles[0]);
        
        //Opens a new tab and switches to new tab
        driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB);
        assertEquals("",driver.getTitle());
        
        //Opens a new window and switches to new window
        driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);
        assertEquals("",driver.getTitle());
             
        //quitting driver
        driver.quit(); //close all windows
	   
   	}
}
View full example on GitHub
    #Close the tab or window
driver.close()

    #Switch back to the old tab or window
driver.switch_to.window(original_window)
  
31
  36
Show full example
using System;
  using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
  using OpenQA.Selenium;
  using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
  using System.Collections.Generic;
  namespace SeleniumDocs.Interactions
  {
      [TestClass]
      public class WindowsTest
      {
          [TestMethod]
          public void TestWindowCommands()
          {
              WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
              driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);
  
              // Navigate to Url
              driver.Url="https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/window_switching_tests/page_with_frame.html";
              //fetch handle of this
              String currHandle = driver.CurrentWindowHandle;
              Assert.IsNotNull(currHandle);
  
              //click on link to open a new window
              driver.FindElement(By.LinkText("Open new window")).Click();
              //fetch handles of all windows, there will be two, [0]- default, [1] - new window
              IList<string> windowHandles = new List<string>(driver.WindowHandles);
              driver.SwitchTo().Window(windowHandles[1]);
              //assert on title of new window
              String title = driver.Title;
              Assert.AreEqual("Simple Page", title);
  
              //closing current window
              driver.Close();
              //Switch back to the old tab or window
              driver.SwitchTo().Window(windowHandles[0]);
  
              //Opens a new tab and switches to new tab
              driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab);
              Assert.AreEqual("", driver.Title);
  
              //Opens a new window and switches to new window
              driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window);
              Assert.AreEqual("", driver.Title);
  
              //quitting driver
              driver.Quit(); //close all windows
          }
      }
  }
View full example on GitHub
    #Close the tab or window
driver.close

    #Switch back to the old tab or window
driver.switch_to.window original_window
  
//Close the tab or window
await driver.close();

//Switch back to the old tab or window
await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);
  

//Close the tab or window
driver.close()

//Switch back to the old tab or window
driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)

Esquecer de voltar para outro gerenciador de janela após fechar uma janela deixará o WebDriver em execução na página agora fechada e acionara uma No Such Window Exception. Você deve trocar de volta para um identificador de janela válido para continuar a execução.

Criar nova janela (ou) nova guia e alternar

Cria uma nova janela (ou) guia e focará a nova janela ou guia na tela. Você não precisa mudar para trabalhar com a nova janela (ou) guia. Se você tiver mais de duas janelas (ou) guias abertas diferentes da nova janela, você pode percorrer as janelas ou guias que o WebDriver pode ver e mudar para aquela que não é a original.

Nota: este recurso funciona com Selenium 4 e versões posteriores.

35
43
Show full example
package dev.selenium.interactions;

import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.time.Duration;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

public class WindowsTest {

    @Test
    public void windowsExampleCode() {
        
    	WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(Duration.ofMillis(500));
        // Navigate to Url
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/window_switching_tests/page_with_frame.html");
        //fetch handle of this
        String currHandle=driver.getWindowHandle();
        assertNotNull(currHandle);
        
        //click on link to open a new window
        driver.findElement(By.linkText("Open new window")).click();
        //fetch handles of all windows, there will be two, [0]- default, [1] - new window
        Object[] windowHandles=driver.getWindowHandles().toArray();
        driver.switchTo().window((String) windowHandles[1]);
        //assert on title of new window
        String title=driver.getTitle();
        assertEquals("Simple Page",title);
        
        //closing current window
        driver.close();
        //Switch back to the old tab or window
        driver.switchTo().window((String) windowHandles[0]);
        
        //Opens a new tab and switches to new tab
        driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB);
        assertEquals("",driver.getTitle());
        
        //Opens a new window and switches to new window
        driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW);
        assertEquals("",driver.getTitle());
             
        //quitting driver
        driver.quit(); //close all windows
	   
   	}
}
View full example on GitHub
    # Opens a new tab and switches to new tab
driver.switch_to.new_window('tab')

    # Opens a new window and switches to new window
driver.switch_to.new_window('window')
  
36
  44
Show full example
using System;
  using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
  using OpenQA.Selenium;
  using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
  using System.Collections.Generic;
  namespace SeleniumDocs.Interactions
  {
      [TestClass]
      public class WindowsTest
      {
          [TestMethod]
          public void TestWindowCommands()
          {
              WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
              driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);
  
              // Navigate to Url
              driver.Url="https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/window_switching_tests/page_with_frame.html";
              //fetch handle of this
              String currHandle = driver.CurrentWindowHandle;
              Assert.IsNotNull(currHandle);
  
              //click on link to open a new window
              driver.FindElement(By.LinkText("Open new window")).Click();
              //fetch handles of all windows, there will be two, [0]- default, [1] - new window
              IList<string> windowHandles = new List<string>(driver.WindowHandles);
              driver.SwitchTo().Window(windowHandles[1]);
              //assert on title of new window
              String title = driver.Title;
              Assert.AreEqual("Simple Page", title);
  
              //closing current window
              driver.Close();
              //Switch back to the old tab or window
              driver.SwitchTo().Window(windowHandles[0]);
  
              //Opens a new tab and switches to new tab
              driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Tab);
              Assert.AreEqual("", driver.Title);
  
              //Opens a new window and switches to new window
              driver.SwitchTo().NewWindow(WindowType.Window);
              Assert.AreEqual("", driver.Title);
  
              //quitting driver
              driver.Quit(); //close all windows
          }
      }
  }
View full example on GitHub

Opens a new tab and switches to new tab

8
10
<details class="mt-3">
  <summary>Show full example</summary>
  <div class="pt-2">
    <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-rb" data-lang="rb"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#8f5902;font-style:italic"># frozen_string_literal: true</span>

require 'spec_helper' RSpec.describe 'Windows' do let(:driver) { start_session } it 'opens new tab' do driver.switch_to.new_window(:tab) expect(driver.window_handles.size).to eq 2 end it 'opens new window' do driver.switch_to.new_window(:window) expect(driver.window_handles.size).to eq 2 end end

<div class="text-end pb-2 mt-2">
  <a href="https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/blob/display_full//examples/ruby/spec/interactions/windows_spec.rb#L9" target="_blank">
    <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt pl-2"></i>
    <strong>View full example on GitHub</strong>
  </a>
</div>

Opens a new window and switches to new window

14
16
<details class="mt-3">
  <summary>Show full example</summary>
  <div class="pt-2">
    <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-rb" data-lang="rb"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#8f5902;font-style:italic"># frozen_string_literal: true</span>

require 'spec_helper' RSpec.describe 'Windows' do let(:driver) { start_session } it 'opens new tab' do driver.switch_to.new_window(:tab) expect(driver.window_handles.size).to eq 2 end it 'opens new window' do driver.switch_to.new_window(:window) expect(driver.window_handles.size).to eq 2 end end

<div class="text-end pb-2 mt-2">
  <a href="https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/blob/display_full//examples/ruby/spec/interactions/windows_spec.rb#L15" target="_blank">
    <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt pl-2"></i>
    <strong>View full example on GitHub</strong>
  </a>
</div>