远程WebDriver

如果远程计算机上正在运行 Selenium Grid, 则 Selenium 允许您自动化远程计算机上的浏览器. 执行代码的计算机称为客户端计算机, 具有浏览器和驱动程序的计算机称为远程计算机, 有时也称为终端节点. 要将 Selenium 测试指向到远程计算机, 您需要使用 Remote WebDriver 类并传递包含该机器上网格端口的URL. 请参阅网格文档, 了解配置网格的全部方式.

基本样例

驱动程序需要知道在远程计算机上向何处发送命令, 以及启动哪个浏览器. 所以地址和选项实例都是必需的.

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package dev.selenium.drivers;

import dev.selenium.BaseTest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.HasDownloads;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.chromium.HasCasting;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.Augmenter;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.LocalFileDetector;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.ClientConfig;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

public class RemoteWebDriverTest extends BaseTest {
  URL gridUrl;

  @BeforeEach
  public void startGrid() {
    gridUrl = startStandaloneGrid();
  }

  @Test
  public void runRemote() {
    ChromeOptions options = getDefaultChromeOptions();
    driver = new RemoteWebDriver(gridUrl, options);
  }

  @Test
  public void uploads() {
    ChromeOptions options = getDefaultChromeOptions();
    driver = new RemoteWebDriver(gridUrl, options);
    driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload");
    File uploadFile = new File("src/test/resources/selenium-snapshot.png");

    ((RemoteWebDriver) driver).setFileDetector(new LocalFileDetector());
    WebElement fileInput = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type=file]"));
    fileInput.sendKeys(uploadFile.getAbsolutePath());
    driver.findElement(By.id("file-submit")).click();

    WebElement fileName = driver.findElement(By.id("uploaded-files"));
    Assertions.assertEquals("selenium-snapshot.png", fileName.getText());
  }

  @Test
  public void downloads() throws IOException {
    ChromeOptions options = getDefaultChromeOptions();
    options.setEnableDownloads(true);
    driver = new RemoteWebDriver(gridUrl, options);

    List<String> fileNames = new ArrayList<>();
    fileNames.add("file_1.txt");
    fileNames.add("file_2.jpg");
    driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/downloads/download.html");
    driver.findElement(By.id("file-1")).click();
    driver.findElement(By.id("file-2")).click();
    new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(5))
        .until(d -> ((HasDownloads) d).getDownloadableFiles().contains("file_2.jpg"));

    List<String> files = ((HasDownloads) driver).getDownloadableFiles();

    // Sorting them to avoid differences when comparing the files
    fileNames.sort(Comparator.naturalOrder());
    files.sort(Comparator.naturalOrder());
    
    Assertions.assertEquals(fileNames, files);
    String downloadableFile = files.get(0);
    Path targetDirectory = Files.createTempDirectory("download");

    ((HasDownloads) driver).downloadFile(downloadableFile, targetDirectory);

    String fileContent = String.join("", Files.readAllLines(targetDirectory.resolve(downloadableFile)));
    Assertions.assertEquals("Hello, World!", fileContent);

    ((HasDownloads) driver).deleteDownloadableFiles();

    Assertions.assertTrue(((HasDownloads) driver).getDownloadableFiles().isEmpty());
  }

  @Test
  public void augment() {
    ChromeOptions options = getDefaultChromeOptions();
    driver = new RemoteWebDriver(gridUrl, options);

    driver = new Augmenter().augment(driver);

    Assertions.assertTrue(driver instanceof HasCasting);
  }

  @Test
  public void remoteWebDriverBuilder() {
    driver =
        RemoteWebDriver.builder()
            .address(gridUrl)
            .oneOf(getDefaultChromeOptions())
            .setCapability("ext:options", Map.of("key", "value"))
            .config(ClientConfig.defaultConfig())
            .build();

    Assertions.assertTrue(driver instanceof HasCasting);
  }
}
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<details class="mt-3">
  <summary>Show full example</summary>
  <div class="pt-2">
    <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;"><code class="language-py" data-lang="py"><span style="display:flex;"><span><span style="color:#204a87;font-weight:bold">import</span> <span style="color:#000">os</span>

import sys import pytest from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.remote.file_detector import LocalFileDetector from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Gets stuck on Windows, passes locally") def test_start_remote(server): options = get_default_chrome_options() driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=server, options=options) assert "localhost" in driver.command_executor._client_config.remote_server_addr driver.quit() @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Gets stuck on Windows, passes locally") def test_uploads(server): options = get_default_chrome_options() driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=server, options=options) driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload") upload_file = os.path.abspath( os.path.join(os.path.dirname(file), "..", "selenium-snapshot.png")) driver.file_detector = LocalFileDetector() file_input = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input[type='file']") file_input.send_keys(upload_file) driver.find_element(By.ID, "file-submit").click() file_name_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "uploaded-files") file_name = file_name_element.text assert file_name == "selenium-snapshot.png" @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Gets stuck on Windows, passes locally") def test_downloads(server, temp_dir): options = get_default_chrome_options() options.enable_downloads = True driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor=server, options=options) file_names = ["file_1.txt", "file_2.jpg"] driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/downloads/download.html') driver.find_element(By.ID, "file-1").click() driver.find_element(By.ID, "file-2").click() WebDriverWait(driver, 3).until(lambda d: "file_2.jpg" in d.get_downloadable_files()) files = driver.get_downloadable_files() assert sorted(files) == sorted(file_names) downloadable_file = file_names[0] target_directory = temp_dir driver.download_file(downloadable_file, target_directory) target_file = os.path.join(target_directory, downloadable_file) with open(target_file, "r") as file: assert "Hello, World!" in file.read() driver.delete_downloadable_files() assert not driver.get_downloadable_files() def get_default_chrome_options(): options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() options.add_argument("–no-sandbox") return options

<div class="text-end pb-2 mt-2">
  <a href="https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/seleniumhq.github.io/blob/display_full/examples/python/tests/drivers/test_remote_webdriver.py#L13-L14" target="_blank">
    <i class="fas fa-external-link-alt pl-2"></i>
    <strong>View full example on GitHub</strong>
  </a>
</div>
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Firefox;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Remote;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI;

namespace SeleniumDocs.Drivers
{
    [TestClass]
    public class RemoteWebDriverTest : BaseTest
    {
        [TestInitialize]
        public async Task Setup()
        {
            await StartServer();
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void RunRemote()
        {
            var options = new ChromeOptions();
            driver = new RemoteWebDriver(GridUrl, options);

            Assert.IsInstanceOfType(driver, typeof(IHasDownloads));
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void Uploads()
        {
            var options = new ChromeOptions();
            driver = new RemoteWebDriver(GridUrl, options);

            driver.Url = "https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload";

            string baseDirectory = AppContext.BaseDirectory;
            string relativePath = "../../../TestSupport/selenium-snapshot.png";

            string uploadFile = Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(baseDirectory, relativePath));

            ((RemoteWebDriver)driver).FileDetector = new LocalFileDetector();
            IWebElement fileInput = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector("input[type=file]"));
            fileInput.SendKeys(uploadFile);
            driver.FindElement(By.Id("file-submit")).Click();

            IWebElement fileName = driver.FindElement(By.Id("uploaded-files"));
            Assert.AreEqual("selenium-snapshot.png", fileName.Text);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void Downloads()
        {
            ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions
            {
                EnableDownloads = true
            };

            driver = new RemoteWebDriver(GridUrl, options);

            driver.Url = "https://selenium.dev/selenium/web/downloads/download.html";
            driver.FindElement(By.Id("file-1")).Click();
            driver.FindElement(By.Id("file-2")).Click();
            WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
            wait.Until(d => ((RemoteWebDriver)d).GetDownloadableFiles().Contains("file_2.jpg"));

            IReadOnlyList<string> names = ((RemoteWebDriver)driver).GetDownloadableFiles();

            Assert.IsTrue(names.Contains("file_1.txt"));
            Assert.IsTrue(names.Contains("file_2.jpg"));
            string downloadableFile = names.First(f => f == "file_1.txt");
            string targetDirectory = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), Guid.NewGuid().ToString());

            ((RemoteWebDriver)driver).DownloadFile(downloadableFile, targetDirectory);

            string fileContent = File.ReadAllText(Path.Combine(targetDirectory, downloadableFile));
            Assert.AreEqual("Hello, World!", fileContent.Trim());

            ((RemoteWebDriver)driver).DeleteDownloadableFiles();

            Assert.IsTrue(((RemoteWebDriver)driver).GetDownloadableFiles().IsNullOrEmpty());
            Directory.Delete(targetDirectory, recursive: true);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public void CustomExecutor()
        {
            driver = new RemoteWebDriver(GridUrl, new FirefoxOptions());
            driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://www.selenium.dev/");

            var customCommandDriver = driver as ICustomDriverCommandExecutor;
            customCommandDriver.RegisterCustomDriverCommands(FirefoxDriver.CustomCommandDefinitions);

            var screenshotResponse = customCommandDriver
                .ExecuteCustomDriverCommand(FirefoxDriver.GetFullPageScreenshotCommand, null);

            Screenshot image = new Screenshot((string)screenshotResponse);

            string targetDirectory = Path.Combine(Path.GetTempPath(), Guid.NewGuid().ToString());
            Directory.CreateDirectory(targetDirectory);
            string targetFile = Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(targetDirectory, "fullPage.png"));

            using (var memoryStream = new MemoryStream(image.AsByteArray))
            using (var fileStream = new FileStream(targetFile, FileMode.Create))
            {
                memoryStream.WriteTo(fileStream);
            }

            Assert.IsTrue(File.Exists(targetFile));
            
            Directory.Delete(targetDirectory, true);
        }
    }
}
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# frozen_string_literal: true

require 'spec_helper'
require 'selenium/server'

RSpec.describe 'Remote WebDriver' do
  let(:target_directory) { File.join(Dir.tmpdir, SecureRandom.uuid) }
  let(:wait) { Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new(timeout: 2) }
  let(:server) do
    Selenium::Server.get(:latest,
                         background: true,
                         args: %w[--selenium-manager true --enable-managed-downloads true])
  end
  let(:grid_url) { server.webdriver_url }

  before { server.start }
  after { server.stop }

  it 'starts remotely' do
    options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome
    driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: grid_url, options: options

    expect { driver.session_id }.not_to raise_exception
  end

  it 'uploads' do
    options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome
    driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: server.webdriver_url, options: options

    driver.get('https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/upload')
    upload_file = File.expand_path('../spec_support/selenium-snapshot.png', __dir__)

    driver.file_detector = ->((filename, *)) { filename.include?('selenium') && filename }
    file_input = driver.find_element(css: 'input[type=file]')
    file_input.send_keys(upload_file)
    driver.find_element(id: 'file-submit').click

    file_name = driver.find_element(id: 'uploaded-files')
    expect(file_name.text).to eq 'selenium-snapshot.png'
  end

  it 'downloads' do
    options = Selenium::WebDriver::Options.chrome(enable_downloads: true)
    driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :remote, url: grid_url, options: options

    file_names = %w[file_1.txt file_2.jpg]
    driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/downloads/download.html')
    driver.find_element(id: 'file-1').click
    driver.find_element(id: 'file-2').click
    wait.until { driver.downloadable_files.include?('file_2.jpg') && driver.downloadable_files.include?('file_1.txt') }

    files = driver.downloadable_files

    expect(files.sort).to eq file_names.sort
    downloadable_file = 'file_1.txt'

    driver.download_file(downloadable_file, target_directory)

    file_content = File.read("#{target_directory}/#{downloadable_file}").strip
    expect(file_content).to eq('Hello, World!')

    driver.delete_downloadable_files

    expect(driver.downloadable_files).to be_empty
  end
end